Hard carbon refers to difficult-graphitizable carbon, which is a kind of pyrolytic carbon obtained by pyrolyzing high molecular polymers, petrochemical products, biomass, etc. Due to the presence of a large number of H, O, N and other heteroatoms in the precursor, the formation of crystalline regions during heat treatment is hindered, making it difficult to

After years of development, the energy density of lithium-ion batteries has been greatly improved. Statistics show that the energy density of lithium-ion batteries increased three times from 1991 to 2015, with a GAGR (annual compound growth rate) of about 3%. However, from the perspective of actual technological development, the current growth rate of lithium-ion battery

Graphite has become the mainstream lithium battery negative electrode material in the market due to its advantages such as high electronic conductivity, large lithium ion diffusion coefficient, small volume change before and after layered structure, high lithium insertion capacity and low lithium insertion potential. As the demand for lithium-ion batteries continues to grow, a large